One of the most dynamic areas of the European project today, the security and defence component has developed impressively since its establishment, particularly during the last five years. Launched following the Helsinki European Council, European Security and Defence Policy has gradually changed in scope, becoming instrumental in enhancing Europe’s role in the world. From the very beginning, Romania has been involved in the process of developing this initiative. That contribution has concerned its three main components: politico-strategic, institutional, capabilities and operations. Involvement in the major ESDP activities, including engagement with forces and capabilities, as well as participation in EU-led operations, have demonstrated Romania’s attachment to a dynamic Union. Moreover, these endeavours underline the special attention the country has paid to honouring its commitments.